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Reference

Stocks

The language of markets, defined plainly — the terms our coverage uses and what they actually mean.

D

Dividend
A share of profits paid out to shareholders, usually in cash and often quarterly. Dividend yield expresses the annual payment as a percentage of the share price.

E

Equity
An ownership stake in a company. Shareholders have a claim on profits and assets after every creditor has been paid, which is why equity is riskier than the same company's debt.

G

Guidance
A company's own forecast of its coming results. In a central-bank context, forward guidance instead means signalling the likely path of interest rates.

I

IPO
The first sale of a company's shares to the public, after which they trade on an exchange.

V

Valuation
An estimate of what an asset is worth, whether from multiples such as P/E, from discounted future cash flows, or from comparison with similar assets.